Are you afraid to call out bad behaviour? Do you know it’s not too hard to stand up to social pressure and develop your inner moral rebel? Read on to know why some people have managed to stop being a silent bystander.
Utah Senator Mitt Romney voted in February to convict President Donald Trump on the charge of abuse of power, becoming the first senator ever to vote against his own party’s president in an impeachment trial.
Two Theranos employees—Erika Cheung and Tyler Shultz—spoke out about their concerns regarding the company’s practices, even though they knew they could face lasting personal and professional repercussions.
Actors Ashley Judd and Rose McGowan came forward to report Harvey Weinstein’s sexual harassment and assault, despite his threats to ruin their careers if they did so.
All of these people spoke up to call out bad behaviour, even in the face of immense pressure to stay silent. Although the specifics of each of these cases are quite different, what each of these people shares is a willingness to take action. Psychologists like me describe those who are willing to defend their principles in the face of potentially negative social consequences such as disapproval, ostracism, and career setbacks as “moral rebels.”
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Moral rebels speak up in all types of situations—to tell a bully to cut it out, to confront a friend who uses a racist slur, to report a colleague who engages in corporate fraud. What enables someone to call out bad behaviour, even if doing so may have costs?
The traits of a moral rebel
First, moral rebels generally feel good about themselves. They tend to have high self-esteem and to feel confident about their own judgment, values, and ability. They also believe their own views are superior to those of others, and thus that they have a social responsibility to share those beliefs.
Moral rebels are also less socially inhibited than others. They aren’t worried about feeling embarrassed or having an awkward interaction. Perhaps most importantly, they are far less concerned about conforming to the crowd. So, when they have to choose between fitting in and doing the right thing, they will probably choose to do what they see as right.
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Research in neuroscience reveals that people’s ability to stand up to social influence is reflected in anatomical differences in the brain. People who are more concerned about fitting in show more gray matter volume in one particular part of the brain, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. This area right behind your eyebrows creates memories of events that led to negative outcomes. It helps guide you away from things you want to avoid the next time around—such as being rejected by your group.
People who are more concerned about conforming to their group also show more activity in two other brain circuits: one that responds to social pain—like when you experience rejection—and another that tries to understand others’ thoughts and feelings. In other words, those who feel worst when excluded by their group try the hardest to fit in.
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What does this suggest about moral rebels? For some people, feeling like you’re different than everyone else feels really bad, even at a neurological level. For other people, it may not matter as much, which makes it easier for them to stand up to social pressure.
These characteristics are totally agnostic as to what the moral rebel is standing up for. You could be the lone anti-abortion voice in your very liberal family or the lone abortion rights advocate in your very conservative family. In either scenario, it’s about standing up to social pressure to stay silent—and that pressure of course could be applied about anything.
