Speaking to the character Mike Longstreet in an episode of the short-lived television series Longstreet in 1971, martial artist Bruce Lee made the now famous statement about water, summarizing the concept of Wu Wei, of acting forcefully without force or effortlessly exerting effort.
“Be like water making its way through cracks. Do not be assertive, but adjust to the object, and you shall find a way around or through it. If nothing within you stays rigid, outward things will disclose themselves.Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now, water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend.” ~Bruce Lee
As Maria Popova of Brain Pickings points out, the quote as it lacks life context, and fails to inform us of the depth of Lee’s thought and his journey to this conclusion.
“BUT THE FAMED SNIPPET BELIES THE FULL DIMENSIONALITY OF THE METAPHOR AND SAYS NOTHING ABOUT HOW LEE ARRIVED AT IT.” ~MARIA POPOVA
Prior to his untimely and tragic death in 1973, Lee had created an archive of personal letters, journal entries, affirmations, training notes and messages to himself, many of which ended up in the book The Tao of Jeet Kune Do . Much of this material was never made public, however, until the Bruce Lee Foundation released a more comprehensive collection of his notes in 2001 in the book, Bruce Lee: Artist of Life.
In 2016, the Bruce Lee Foundation released even more of Lee’s personal notes, adding yet more to our understanding of his true character, and in these, we find insight into how his personal philosophy of life evolved into the direct and inspiring sound byte, ‘Be Like Water.”
What’s fascinating about these notes is the insight it gives us into the long process of Bruce Lee’s self-awakening and self-actualization, an endeavor all of us may be well served to take on.
Again, according to Maria Popova, “Lee traces the thinking that originated his famous metaphor, which came after a period of frustration with his inability to master “the art of detachment” that Yip Man was trying to impart on him.”
As Lee is quoted in the book, Bruce Lee: Artist of Life:
When my acute self-consciousness grew to what the psychologists refer to as the “double-bind” type, my instructor would again approach me and say, “Loong, preserve yourself by following the natural bends of things and don’t interfere. Remember never to assert yourself against nature; never be in frontal opposition to any problems, but control it by swinging with it. Don’t practice this week: Go home and think about it.”
Upon reflection and meditation in the following days, Lee came to some enlightening conclusions about his ability to practice Wu Wei, or the art of detachment, making the connection to water and to the fleeting influence of thoughts and attachments which normally cloud our thinking and color our outlook on life.
After spending many hours meditating and practicing, I gave up and went sailing alone in a junk. On the sea, I thought of all my past training and got mad at myself and punched the water! Right then — at that moment — a thought suddenly struck me; was not this water the very essence of gung fu? Hadn’t this water just now illustrated to me the principle of gung fu? I struck it but it did not suffer hurt.
Again I struck it with all of my might — yet it was not wounded! I then tried to grasp a handful of it but this proved impossible. This water, the softest substance in the world, which could be contained in the smallest jar, only seemed weak. In reality, it could penetrate the hardest substance in the world. That was it! I wanted to be like the nature of water.
